Natural catastrophes: Definitions

Vulnerability, types

The vulnerability of buildings to damage due to earthquakes varies depending on the method of construction.

Masonry buildings suffer the greatest damage. On a scale from A ("high vulnerability") to F ("little vulnerability") they are in the A to D range. Buildings are particularly exposed if they are of uncut stone or clay bricks (both A). Reinforcements produce a large reduction in the vulnerability (B to D).

Reinforced concrete structures have a vulnerability of only C to E. Incorporating special seismic design (basic design; good design) in a structure's frame and walls reduces the vulnerability considerably, viz. by one category.

Steel structures have a low vulnerability (E) and wooden structures a moderate vulnerability (D) to damage from earthquakes.